P2161 Vehicle Speed Sensor “B” Intermittent/Erratic/High
OBD-II Trouble Code Technical Description
Vehicle Speed Sensor "B" Intermittent / Erratic / High
What does that mean?
This diagnostic trouble code (DTC) is a generic powertrain code, which means that it applies to all 1996-newer vehicles (Ford, Dodge, GMC, Chevy, etc.). Although generic, the specific repair steps may vary depending on make/model.
When a stored code P2161 is exhibited, it means that the powertrain control module (PCM) has detected a voltage input signal, from vehicle speed sensor (VSS) B, that is intermittent, erratic, or excessive. The designation B usually refers to the secondary VSS in a system which utilizes multiple vehicle speed sensors.
OBD II vehicle speed sensors are typically electromagnetic sensors which utilize some type of toothed reluctor ring wheel or gear that is mechanically affixed to an axle, transmission/transfer case output shaft, differential gear, or driveshaft. As the shaft spins, so spins the metal reluctor ring. The reluctor ring completes a circuit with the stationary electromagnetic sensor as the reluctor passes in very close proximity to electromagnetic tip of the sensor. The notches between the teeth of the reluctor ring create interruptions in the sensor circuit. The combination of circuit completions and interruptions are recognized by the PCM (and possibly other controllers) as voltage wave form patterns.
Vehicle speed is monitored by the PCM using input data from one or more vehicle speed sensors. The PCM compares inputs from the VSS with antilock brake control module (ABCM) or electronic brake control module (EBCM) inputs. The primary VSS input (B) will likely be initiated by the VSS in the transmission but secondary VSS input/s may be monitored using one or more wheel speed sensors.
If the PCM detects an intermittent, erratic, or high input voltage signal from the primary VSS, a code P2161 will be stored and a malfunction indicator lamp may be illuminated. An intermittent, erratic, or high voltage input condition may be the result of an electrical or mechanical problem.
Code Severity & Symptoms
Since conditions which may result in a stored code P2161 could create drivability and ABS issues, it should be classified as severe and addressed with some degree of urgency.
Symptoms of a P2161 code may include:
Causes
Possible causes for this code include:
Diagnostic and Repair Procedures
I would require a diagnostic scanner, a digital volt/ohmmeter (DVOM), possibly an oscilloscope, and a reliable vehicle information source to diagnose a code P2161. A scanner with an integrated DVOM and oscilloscope would be ideal for this diagnosis.
I like to start my diagnosis with a visual inspection of system wiring, speed sensors, and connectors. I would repair open or shorted circuits as required and clean excessive metallic debris from effected sensors. If sensor removal is feasible, I would also check the integrity of the entire reluctor ring at this time.
Next, I would connect the scanner to the vehicle diagnostic port and retrieve all stored trouble codes and freeze-frame data. Write this information down as it may prove helpful as your diagnosis progresses. Now, clear the codes and test drive the vehicle to see if the symptoms persist and/or if code is reset.
A trick that many professional technicians use is to search the vehicle information source for applicable technical service bulletins (TSB). If you find a TSB that matches the symptoms and stored codes of the vehicle in question, the diagnostic information contained therein will likely aid in correctly diagnosing the P2161.
Observe wheel speed and/or vehicle speed (using the scanner data stream) while test driving the vehicle. By narrowing the data stream to display only pertinent fields, you can increase the speed and accuracy at which the desired data is delivered. Inconsistent, erratic, or high readings from VSS or wheel speed sensors may lead you to wiring, electrical connector, or sensor problems by narrowing the general area of the system malfunction.
Use the DVOM to perform a resistance test on the sensor in question, after you have pinpointed the problematic area. Consult your vehicle information source for the manufacturer’s recommendation for testing the VSS and replace sensors that do not coincide with specifications. The oscilloscope can be used to retrieve live data from each individual VSS by probing the sensor signal wire and the sensor ground wire. The driveline will need to be running, so securely jacking or hoisting the vehicle will be necessary to safely perform this type of testing.
Vehicle speed sensors are frequently damaged as a result of regular transmission maintenance and wheel speed sensors (and sensor wiring harnesses) are often broken when brake repairs are performed. If a code P2161 is exhibited (immediately following a repair) suspect a damaged sensor harness or sensor.
Additional diagnostic notes:
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"Delete Error Code Permanently, Disable DTC Error Code Function for p2161 in the ECU"
In extreme cases, we even have the option to permanently remove the specific DTC p2161 and disable the function of the specific error code in the ECU. All other fault code functions will then continue to work to protect the engine. This is different from clearing an error code with a diagnostic device. We have the option to permanently remove the function of the specific error code, so that it never comes back. Also emergency running that occurs on the specific error code can be solved in most cases.
Of course we prefer to first try to solve the cause of the error code, but sometimes the only solution is to permanently disable the DTC function of p2161.
