P2160 Vehicle Speed Sensor “B” Circuit Low
OBD-II Trouble Code Technical Description
Vehicle Speed Sensor "B" Low Input
What does that mean?
This diagnostic trouble code (DTC) is a generic powertrain code, which means that it applies to all 1996-newer vehicles (Ford, Dodge, GMC, Chevy, etc.). Although generic, the specific repair steps may vary depending on make/model.
A stored code P2160 means that the powertrain control module (PCM) has detected a low voltage input signal from vehicle speed sensor (VSS) B. The designation B typically refers to the secondary VSS in systems which utilize multiple vehicle speed sensors.
Most vehicle speed sensors are electromagnetic sensors which utilize some type of toothed reluctor ring wheel or gear that is permanently affixed to an axle, transmission/transfer case output shaft, differential gear, or driveshaft. As the shaft spins, so spins the reluctor device which completes a circuit with the stationary electromagnetic sensor. As the reluctor passes in very close proximity to the electromagnetic tip of the sensor, the notches in the reluctor ring create interruptions in the sensor circuit. The combination of circuit completions and interruptions are received by the PCM (and other controllers) as wave form patterns representing voltage.
The PCM monitors vehicle speed using input data from one or more vehicle speed sensors and compares it to inputs from the antilock brake control module (ABCM) or electronic brake control module (EBCM). In some cases, secondary VSS input may be monitored using one or more wheel speed sensors but the primary VSS input (B) will likely be initiated by the VSS in the transmission.
If the PCM detects a low input voltage signal from the primary VSS, a code P2160 will be stored and a malfunction indicator lamp may be illuminated. A low voltage input condition may be caused by either an electrical or mechanical problem.
Code Severity & Symptoms
Since the conditions which may cause a P2160 code to be stored could create drivability and ABS issues, it should be classified as severe and addressed as quickly as possible.
Symptoms of a P2160 code may include:
Causes
Possible causes for this code include:
Diagnostic and Repair Procedures
A diagnostic scanner, a digital volt/ohmmeter (DVOM), possibly an oscilloscope, and a reliable vehicle information source will be required when diagnosing a code P2160.
I normally like to begin my diagnosis of a P2160 with a visual inspection of system wiring, speed sensors, and connectors. Repair open or shorted circuits as required and clean excessive metallic debris from effected sensors. Check reluctor ring integrity when inspecting the sensor.
Connect the scanner to the vehicle diagnostic port and retrieve all stored trouble codes and available freeze-frame data. Before clearing the codes, write this information down as it may prove helpful as your diagnosis progresses.
Using your vehicle information source, search applicable technical service bulletins (TSB). If you locate a TSB that matches the symptoms and stored codes of the vehicle in question, the diagnostic information contained therein will likely aid in diagnosing the P2160 from here.
Utilize the scanner data stream to observe wheel speed and vehicle speed while test driving the vehicle. You may narrow the data stream to display only pertinent fields to increase the speed and accuracy at which the desired data is delivered. Inconsistent or erratic readings from VSS or wheel speed sensors may lead you to wiring, electrical connector, or sensor problems by narrowing the general area of the system malfunction.
After you have located the VSS circuit from which the low voltage input is being initiated, use the DVOM to perform a resistance test on the sensor in question. Consult your vehicle information source for the manufacturer’s recommendation for testing the VSS and replace sensors that do not comply with specifications.
Use the oscilloscope to retrieve live data from each individual VSS by probing the sensor signal wire and the sensor ground wire. Jacking or hoisting the vehicle will almost always be necessary to perform this type of testing properly. After the drive axle/s are safely secured off the ground, run up the drivetrain while observing the waveform pattern on the oscilloscope. Focus on glitches or inconsistencies in the pattern and proceed with the diagnosis accordingly.
Vehicle speed sensors may be damaged as a result of regular maintenance while wheel speed sensors and sensor wiring harnesses are frequently damaged when brake repairs are performed. If this code is presented immediately following a repair, suspect a damaged sensor harness, connector, or sensor.
Additional diagnostic notes:
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"Delete Error Code Permanently, Disable DTC Error Code Function for p2160 in the ECU"
In extreme cases, we even have the option to permanently remove the specific DTC p2160 and disable the function of the specific error code in the ECU. All other fault code functions will then continue to work to protect the engine. This is different from clearing an error code with a diagnostic device. We have the option to permanently remove the function of the specific error code, so that it never comes back. Also emergency running that occurs on the specific error code can be solved in most cases.
Of course we prefer to first try to solve the cause of the error code, but sometimes the only solution is to permanently disable the DTC function of p2160.
